Diabetes Terminology - Medical terms for diabetes disease

Glossary of medical terminology used in treatment of diabetes

ACE inhibitor - Drug that lowers blood pressure.

Angiopathy - Blood vessel disease after having a long period of diabetes.

Antidiabetic agent - Substance used to lower glucose (sugar) level in blood.

Aspart insulin - Type of insulin that has fast impact in reducing blood sugar.

Beta cells - Cells that produce insulin.

Biosynthetic human insulin - Man-made insulin similar to human insulin.

Biphasic insulin - Intermediate to fast-acting insulin.

Bolus - Giving extra insulin with the expectation that blood sugar will go up.

Brittle diabetes - Labile, unstable diabetes that demonstrates ups and downs frequently.

Bronze diabetes - Hemocromatosis. Retention of excessive iron from food.

BUN - Blood Urea Nitrogen. Waste product of kidneys.

Carbohydrate - Starches and sugars that body converts into glucose. Body cannot do this conversion when insulin level is low.

Dawn phenomenon - Rise in blood glucose early in the morning.

Dehydration - Loss of body water due to high level of glucose in urine.

Dextrose - Glucose, the simple form of sugar.

Diabetes Mellitus - Body's inability to use its sugar.

Diabetogenic - Substance that causes diabetes.

Diuretic - Type of medicine that stimulates urination to eliminate excessive body water.

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Euglycemia - Normal level of glucose (sugar).

Fructose - Sugar obtained from fruits and vegetables.

Galactose - Sugar in milk products and sugar beets.

Genetic - Hereditary, coming from genes.

Glucagon - Hormone that raises blood sugar.

Glycemic response - Effects of different foods on blood glucose.

Glycogen - Stored sugar in the body.

Hypoglycemia - Low level of blood sugar (glucose).

Injection - Release of fluid into the body by syringe or needle.

Insulin - Hormone produced by pancreas that converts body's glucose into energy.

Insulin antagonist - Substance that fights against effects of insulin.

Insulin shock - Instant and severe decrease in blood sugar.

Lactose - Sugar in milk and milk products such as cheese.

Lente insulin - Insulin having not instant but intermediate effect.

Obesity - Excessive body fat.

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) - Testing to determine whether the person has diabetes.

Polydipsia - Thirst lasting long periods.

Secondary diabetes - Becoming diabetic due to another disease.

Sliding scale - Deciding on levels of insulin by observing levels of blood glucose and other factors.

Sucrose - Type of sugar that body needs to convert it to absorb.

Ultralente insulin - Type of insulin having long-lasting effects.