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Digestive System Terminology - Medical terms for digestive disorders

Glossary of medical terminology used for our digestive system (stomach, intestines, abdominal area) and digestive diseases

Definitions of digestive system terms

Abdomen - Part of body where stomach and intestines are located.

Abdominal bracing - Strengthening stomach muscles to support the spine.

Abdominoscopy - Insertion of laparoscope to examine abdominal organs.

Aerophagia - Swallowing excessive air.

Aguesia - Losing sense of taste.

Antacid - Medicine that reduces gas and acid in the stomach.

Antiemetic - Medicine that reduces urge of nausea and vomiting.

Antrectomy - Surgical removal of upper part of the stomach (antrum).

Barium - Chemical swallowed to show status of internal organs such as stomach.

Biliary tract diseases - Diseases in biliary tract (bile ducts and gallbladder).

Bowel - Intestine.

Bowel movement - Discharge of waste through intestines and anus.

Bowel prep - Cleaning bowels with enemas for medical examination.

Cecostomy - Removal of gas or feces from the cecum (beginning of large intestine) via tube.

Cecum - Beginning of large intestine.

Chyme - Thick liquid that moves from the stomach to small intestines.

Colectomy - Surgical removal of large intestine (colon).

Colon - Large bowel.

Colonic inertia - Inactivity of colon muscles

Colorectal cancer - Colon or rectum cancer.

Continence - Stopping bowel movement or urination.

Defecation - Discharge of waste by bowel movement.

Diagnosis - Detecting disease by its symptoms.

Digestant - Substance that helps digestion.

Digestion - Converting food and liquids into energy, growth, and maintenance of body.

Dysgeusia - Loss or distortion of taste.

Dyspepsia - Indigestion.

Dyshagia - Difficulty in swallowing.

Enema - Liquid placed through anus to empty bowels.

Esophageal ulcer - Ulcer in esophagus.

Fecal incontinence - Inability to hold stool in large intestines.

Feces - Fecal, stool. Solid waste in intestines.

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Fiber - Substance that comes from plants and reduces levels of cholesterol and blood sugar.

Food intolerance - Reaction to food not related to immune system.

Gas - Air due to digestion of good resulting in flatus or belches.

Gastric juice - Fluids produced by the stomach to breakdown food and kill germs.

Gastro colic reflex - Activation of bowel mussels with the start of eating.

Gastroenteritis - Stomach and intestine infection due to unhealthy food or stress.

Gastroentology - Specialized field related to digestive system and related diseases.

Gastro paresis - Delayed gastric emptying.

Gastrostomy - Insertion of tube into the stomach externally.

Gustation - Sense of taste.

Hemorrhage - Bleeding.

Hyperpagia - Mood to eat more.

Ingestion - Intake of food, liquid, or medicine by mouth.

Intestinal flora - Microorganisms living in intestines such as bacteria, fungi, yeast.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) - Mucous colitis. Inability to control bowel movement.

Laparoscope - Small tube to see inside the body for examination and surgery.

Lavage - Cleansing, emptying out.

Malabsorption syndrome - Inability of small intestines to absorb nutrients.

Metabolism - Manner in which body cells convert food into energy for survival and living.

Mucous colitis - Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Nonulcer dyspepsia - Discomfort in upper part of gastrointestinal tract.

Nutrients - Vitamins, minerals, proteins in foods.

Obesity - Excessive body fat.

Pancreas - Internal organ behind the stomach producing insulin and other fluids for digestion.

Parietal cells - Stomach cells that produce hydrochloric acid.

Pepsin - Enzyme that breaks down proteins.

Peptic - Related to pepsin.

Postvagotomy statis - Slow processing of food in the stomach after the surgery.

Proctetomy - Surgical removal of the rectum.

Pylorus - Duodenum.

Rectal examination - Examination of prostate and rectum to detect cancer.

Rectum - Part of large intestine before anus.

Saturated fat - Fat in animal products.

Secretin - Digestive juices produced in the stomach, duodenum, and pancreas.

Systemic - Condition that affects the whole body.

Thrush - Mouth infection.

Ulcer - Breaking in the inner layer of digestive system.